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The section of the pia mater enveloping the brain is known as the cranial pia mater. It is anchored to the brain by the processes of astrocytes , which are glial cells responsible for many functions, including maintenance of the extracellular space.
The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. [7] It is also known to contain collagen proteins. [8] Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death.
The retrolenticular part contains fibers from the optic system, coming from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. More posteriorly, this becomes the optic radiation . Some fibers from the medial geniculate nucleus (which carry auditory information) also pass in the retrolenticular internal capsule, but most are in the sublenticular part.
Major gyri and sulci on the lateral surface of the cortex Lobes of the brain. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into nearly symmetrical left and right hemispheres by a deep groove, the longitudinal fissure. [17] Asymmetry between the lobes is noted as a petalia. [18]
The astrocytes of the glia limitans are responsible for separating the brain into two primary compartments. The first compartment is the immune-privileged brain and spinal cord parenchyma. This compartment contains multiple immunosuppressive cell surface proteins such as CD200 and CD95L and it allows for the release of anti-inflammatory factors.
It is more pointed than the rounder frontal pole. The frontal pole is at the frontmost part of the frontal lobe in each hemisphere, and is more rounded than the occipital pole. The temporal pole is located between the frontal and occipital poles, and sits in the anterior part of middle cranial fossa in each temporal lobe. [5]
The principal cell type found in the claustrum is the Golgi type I neuron, which is a large cell with dendrites covered in spines. [ 9 ] [ 8 ] Through interhemispheric connections, the claustrum is believed to play a role in synchronizing activity in widely separated, but functionally related, parts of the brain such as between frontal eye ...
Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional , connective , and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.