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Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [10] As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, and infections may occur. [10]
it is faster (results within three hours); it is somewhat more sensitive. Immunofixation may reveal an immunoglobulin missed out by protein electrophoresis, especially at low concentrations (less than 1 gram/litre); it can be partially automated and can be used in more laboratories; it is more easily read and interpreted.
Abnormal free light chain production has also been reported to be prognostic of a worse outcome in multiple myeloma [36] [37] [38] and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. [39] An abnormal light-chain ratio has been defined as a kappa to lambda chain ratio of less than 0.26 or more than 1.65. [32]
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP or SPE) is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. [1] The most common indications for a serum protein electrophoresis test are to diagnose or monitor multiple myeloma , a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS), or further investigate a discrepancy ...
Serum protein electrophoresis showing a paraprotein (spike/peak in the gamma zone) in a patient with multiple myeloma.. A myeloma protein is an abnormal antibody (immunoglobulin) or (more often) a fragment thereof, such as an immunoglobulin light chain, that is produced in excess by an abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, typically in multiple myeloma or Monoclonal gammopathy of ...
Bence Jones proteins are particularly diagnostic of multiple myeloma in the context of target organ manifestations such as kidney failure, lytic (or "punched out") bone lesions, anemia, or large numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Bence Jones proteins are present in 2/3 of multiple myeloma cases. [3]
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