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Karelia (Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden.
The province of Swedish Karelia would include this territory, plus the region east of the Kymi river. The Baltic Sea port city of Viborg (Finnish: Viipuri) became the capital of the new Swedish province, with the Fief of Viborg existing from 1320 to 1534. Novgorod received the northern portion of the Karelian Isthmus, North Karelia, Ladoga ...
The coat of arms of Karelia, first used in 1562 Map of North Karelia (green) and South Karelia (yellow) regions, border of the historical province of Karelia in red. Karelia (Finnish: Karjala) is a historical province of Finland, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian isthmus, which are now ...
In addition to Karelia, they spread westwards to Savonia. The population of ancient Karelia was split into three in 1323 due to the Treaty of Nöteborg, when the region was divided between Sweden and Novgorod: the Karelians of the Viipuri region (i.e. "Swedish Karelia"), of Novgorod, and of Savonia. [5]
Karelians living in Russian Karelia are considered a distinct ethnic group closely related to Finnish Karelians, who are considered a subset of Finns. This distinction historically arose from Karelia having been fought over and eventually split between Sweden and Novgorod, resulting in Karelians being under different cultural spheres.
Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union; Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956. The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War ...
Sweden's interest in Karelia began a centuries-long struggle with Novgorod (later Russia) that resulted in numerous border changes following the many wars fought between the two, the most famous of which is the Pillage of Sigtuna of 1187. In 1137 the oldest documented settlement was established, the modern-day city of Olonets (Aunus). [24]
Eastern Karelia, the Käkisalmi region and the Ladoga Karelia retained their ties to the Orthodox Church and to Novgorod. The Treaty of Nöteborg, made in 1323 between Sweden and Novgorod, was the first treaty that defined the eastern boundary of the Swedish realm and Finland at least for Karelia. The boundary in northern Finland remained unclear.