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Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
Henri Tajfel and colleagues originally developed the minimal group paradigm in the early 1970s as part of their attempt to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. [15] Tajfel's intention was to create groups with as little meaning as possible and then add meaning to discover at what point discrimination would occur. [16]
Henri Tajfel (born Hersz Mordche Tajfel; 22 June 1919 – 3 May 1982) was a Polish social psychologist, best known for his pioneering work on the cognitive aspects of prejudice and social identity theory, as well as being one of the founders of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology.
This research follows Tajfel and Turner’s (1979) Social Identity Theory, which suggests that people derive a portion of their identity from the group they belong to. [10] This is because individuals are more likely to adopt the identity of their ingroup, which results in the widespread adoption of norms, values, and behaviours.
John Charles Turner (7 September 1947 – 24 July 2011) [1] was a British social psychologist who, along with colleagues, developed the self-categorization theory.Amongst other things, the theory states that the self is not a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather that the self is an outcome of cognitive processes and an interaction between the person and the social context. [2]
Perceiver readiness, which Turner first described as relative accessibility, [15] "reflects a person's past experiences, present expectations, and current motives, values, goals and needs". [12] It is the relevant aspects of cognition that the perceiver brings to the environment.
[1] [2] [7] Social identity theory, proposed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979, describes the psychological basis of such bias and discrimination. [2] [8] The theory asserts that individuals have multiple selves, or multiple social identities, that interact with other people on different, yet necessary levels. [8]
In the 1970s and 80s, Henri Tajfel and John Turner proposed two connected theories of social identity, self-categorization theory and social identity theory, that together form a method for understanding the psychological processes underlying how individuals make sense of their identities and group membership. [35]