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European integration (in Europe): Euroscepticism vs. European federalism; nation state vs. multinational state. Globalization: Nationalism or Patriotism vs. Cosmopolitanism or Internationalism; sovereignty vs. global governance. Openness: closed (culturally conservative and protectionist) vs. open (socially liberal and globalist).
Other conservative ideologies support isolationism and limited involvement in foreign affairs. [107] As of 2021, over one-third of the American public self-identifies as conservative. The Republican Party represents conservatives in the United States, with 74% of Republicans identifying as conservative, compared to only 12% of Democrats. [108]
Originally opposed to capitalism and the industrial revolution, [82] [83] the conservative ideology in many countries adopted economic liberalism, especially in the United States where this ideology is known as fiscal conservatism.
Strauss' indictment of capitalism as 'economism' through the reduction of individual needs to consumption plays a role in national conservative thought, which argues for solidarism and an increased statist role in the economy to bring about a moralizing "financial nationalism" in opposition to communism and the individualism in liberalism.
In American political theory, fiscal conservatism or economic conservatism [1] is a political and economic philosophy regarding fiscal policy and fiscal responsibility with an ideological basis in capitalism, individualism, limited government, and laissez-faire economics.
Economic liberalism is a much broader concept than fiscal liberalism, which is called fiscal conservatism or economic libertarianism in the United States. [12] The ideology that highlighted the financial aspect of economic liberalism is called fiscal liberalism, which is defined as support for free trade .
Finance capitalism is the subordination of processes of production to the accumulation of money profits in a financial system. In their critique of capitalism, Marxism and Leninism both emphasise the role of finance capital as the determining and ruling-class interest in capitalist society, particularly in the latter stages. [149] [150]
Based upon the normative value of conservatism and the structural layout of corporatism, conservative corporatism arose as a response to liberalism and Marxism by rejecting the cultural pluralism of liberalism, the political radicalism and dialectical materialism of Marxism, and the mutually held secularist attitudes of both. [1]