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Curing can be traced back to antiquity, and was the primary method of preserving meat and fish until the late 19th century. Dehydration was the earliest form of food curing. [1] Many curing processes also involve smoking, spicing, cooking, or the addition of combinations of sugar, nitrate, and nitrite. [1] Slices of beef in a can
Sun-curing tobacco involves simply drying the leaves uncovered in the sun until they are brown and withered. [8] This method is predominantly used in Turkey , Greece , Bulgaria , North Macedonia , Romania and throughout the Mediterranean basin to produce oriental tobacco, [ 9 ] however sun-cured tobacco is also produced in India and Africa as well.
Figure 4: Evolution in time of storage modulus G' and loss modulus G" during a curing reaction. A simple way to monitor the change in viscosity, and thus, the extent of the reaction, in a curing process is to measure the variation of the elastic modulus. [7] To measure the elastic modulus of a system during curing, a rheometer can be used. [7]
By 900 BC, salt was being produced in "salt gardens" in Greece and dry salt curing and smoking of meat were well established. The Romans (200 BC) acquired curing procedures from the Greeks and further developed methods to "pickle" various kinds of meats in a brine marinade. It was during this time that the reddening effect of salting was noted.
The earliest form of curing was dehydration or drying, used as early as 12,000 BC. Smoking and salting techniques improve on the drying process and add antimicrobial agents that aid in preservation. Smoke deposits a number of pyrolysis products onto the food, including the phenols syringol , guaiacol and catechol . [ 9 ]
Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria , yeasts , and mold through the removal of water . Dehydration has been used widely for this purpose since ancient times; the earliest known practice is 12,000 B.C. by inhabitants of the modern Asian and Middle ...
Sea salt being added to raw ham to make prosciutto. Salting is the preservation of food with dry edible salt. [1] It is related to pickling in general and more specifically to brining also known as fermenting (preparing food with brine, that is, salty water) and is one form of curing.
Making dry sausages involves curing salts, which contain sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate. Nitrites are used for all types of sausages and are the most common. Nitrates are used only in the preparation of the cured dry style of sausages. Over a period of time the nitrates are converted into nitrites by endogenous or added bacteria.