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An ultrasonic thickness gauge is a measuring instrument for the non-destructive investigation of a material's thickness using ultrasonic waves. The usage of an ultrasonic thickness gauge for non-destructive testing to check material properties such as thickness measurement, is regular in all areas of industrial measurements.
Vibration mode of a clamped square plate. The vibration of plates is a special case of the more general problem of mechanical vibrations.The equations governing the motion of plates are simpler than those for general three-dimensional objects because one of the dimensions of a plate is much smaller than the other two.
Plates in the crust of Earth. Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1]
The difference between the two readings gives the required thickness. Similarly, the instrument can measure the depression in an otherwise flat plate. The method is as for measuring the thickness of a plate, except that the micrometer portion is placed over the depression and the measurement is taken below the surface instead of above.
A plate is a structural element which is characterized by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very small when compared with other dimensions. [1]The effects of the loads that are expected to be applied on it only generate stresses whose resultants are, in practical terms, exclusively normal to the element's thickness.
The Mindlin hypothesis implies that the displacements in the plate have the form = (,) ; =, = (,)where and are the Cartesian coordinates on the mid-surface of the undeformed plate and is the coordinate for the thickness direction, , =, are the in-plane displacements of the mid-surface, is the displacement of the mid-surface in the direction, and designate the angles which the normal to the mid ...
In the Kirchhoff–Love plate theory for plates the governing equations are [1], = and , = In expanded form, + = ; + = and + + = where () is an applied transverse load per unit area, the thickness of the plate is =, the stresses are , and
The typical thickness to width ratio of a plate structure is less than 0.1. [citation needed] A plate theory takes advantage of this disparity in length scale to reduce the full three-dimensional solid mechanics problem to a two-dimensional problem. The aim of plate theory is to calculate the deformation and stresses in a plate subjected to loads.