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The Peelian principles summarise the ideas that Sir Robert Peel developed to define an ethical police force.The approach expressed in these principles is commonly known as policing by consent in the United Kingdom and other countries such as Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
The first modern police force is commonly said to be the Metropolitan Police in London, established in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel. [28] [29] Based on the Peelian principles, it promoted the preventive role of police as a deterrent to urban crime and disorder.
Police academies exist in every state and also at the federal level. Policing in the United States is highly fragmented, [118] and there are no national minimum standards for licensing police officers in the U.S. [119] Researchers say police are given far more training on use of firearms than on de-escalating provocative situations. [120]
Predictive policing uses data on the times, locations and nature of past crimes, to provide insight to police strategists concerning where, and at what times, police patrols should patrol, or maintain a presence, in order to make the best use of resources or to have the greatest chance of deterring or preventing future crimes.
The police strategies to slove crime fail to address the real problem of contributing to crime such as a lack of resources, poverty, harmful stereotypes that reinforce the criminalization of black people and marginalized groups. Overall community policing cares more about surveillance, and order rather than solving or reducing crime. [53]
Having more police did not necessarily lead to fewer crimes. Canady, who spent 25 years working as a police officer and 12 years working in schools before taking over as director of NASRO over five years ago, said he thinks school police officers are “totally necessary” — assuming they have finished specific NASRO training.
For the English law on the use of force in crime prevention, see Self-defence in English law.The Australian position on the use of troops for civil policing is set out by Michael Head in Calling Out the Troops: Disturbing Trends and Unanswered Questions; [4] compare "Use of Deadly Force by the South African Police Services Re-visited" [5] by Malebo Keebine-Sibanda and Omphemetse Sibanda.
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