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Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. [1] [2] The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally ...
Only embryonic stem cells of the morula are totipotent: able to develop into any type of cell, including those of the placenta. Embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst , an early-stage pre- implantation embryo .
Pluripotent stem cells are the descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into nearly all cells, [15] i.e. cells derived from any of the three germ layers. [ 17 ] Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a number of cell types, but only those of a closely related family of cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells are similar to natural pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, in many aspects, such as the expression of certain stem cell genes and proteins, chromatin methylation patterns, doubling time, embryoid body formation, teratoma formation, viable chimera formation, and potency and differentiability, but ...
Pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent progenitor cells that then give rise to functional cells. Examples of stem and progenitor cells include: [citation needed] Radial glial cells (embryonic neural stem cells) that give rise to excitatory neurons in the fetal brain through the process of neurogenesis. [11] [12] [13]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
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