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The choice of solar mass, M ☉, as the basic unit for planetary mass comes directly from the calculations used to determine planetary mass.In the most precise case, that of the Earth itself, the mass is known in terms of solar masses to twelve significant figures: the same mass, in terms of kilograms or other Earth-based units, is only known to five significant figures, which is less than a ...
For example, if a TNO is incorrectly assumed to have a mass of 3.59 × 10 20 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm 3 but is later discovered to have a radius of only 175 km with a density of 0.5 g/cm 3, its true mass would be only 1.12 × 10 19 kg.
Jupiter mass (M J or M JUP), is the unit of mass equal to the total mass of the planet Jupiter, 1.898 × 10 27 kg. Jupiter mass is used to describe masses of the gas giants, such as the outer planets and extrasolar planets. It is also used in describing brown dwarfs and Neptune-mass planets.
The solar mass (M ☉) is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2 × 10 30 kg (2 nonillion kilograms in US short scale). It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun . It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars , as well as stellar clusters , nebulae , galaxies and black holes .
An Earth mass (denoted as M 🜨, M ♁ or M E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth. The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is M 🜨 = 5.9722 × 10 24 kg, with a relative uncertainty of 10 −4. [2] It is equivalent to an average density of 5515 kg/m 3.
The total mass of heavy elements other than hydrogen and helium in the planet is between 11 and 45 M E. [11] The bulk of the hydrogen on Jupiter is solid hydrogen. [12] Evidence suggests that Jupiter contains a central dense core. If so, the mass of the core is predicted to be no larger than about 12 M E. The exact mass of the core is uncertain ...
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, [1] nebulae, [2] and black holes. Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function .
The planet is substantially denser than Earth at 6.88 ± 1.18 g/cm 3 [9] thanks to its high mass of roughly 4 M E, consistent with a rocky composition of iron and magnesium silicate. [9] In 2023, the planet's mass was revised upward to 4.66 ± 0.53 M E, placing its density at 7.93 +0.96 −0.94 g/cm 3, [3] roughly the same as the metal iron (7. ...