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Low elevation coastal zones and population density in Jakarta.The city is one of the world's most vulnerable cities to the impacts of climate change.. Due to its geographical and natural diversity, Indonesia is one of the countries most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. [1]
The city is one of the world's most vulnerable cities to the impacts of climate change. Due to its geographical and natural diversity, Indonesia is one of the countries most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. [17] This is supported by the fact that Jakarta has been listed as the world's most vulnerable city, regarding climate change.
In May 2011, Indonesia declared a moratorium on new logging contracts to help combat this. [14] This appeared to be ineffective in the short-term, as the rate of deforestation continued to increase. By 2012 Indonesia had surpassed the rate of deforestation in Brazil, [15] and become the fastest forest clearing nation in the world. [16]
The climate of Indonesia is almost entirely tropical. The uniformly warm waters that make up 81% of Indonesia's area ensure that temperatures on land remain fairly constant, with the coastal plains averaging 28 °C (82 °F), the inland and mountain areas averaging 26 °C (79 °F), and the higher mountain regions, 23 °C (73 °F).
Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam – are among the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change in the world, but their climate mitigation efforts have been described as not commensurate with the climate risks faced.
Climate change has been observed to have caused impact on human health and livelihoods in urban settings. [38] Urbanization commonly occurs in cities with low and middle income communities that have high population density and a lack of understanding of how climate change, which degrades their environment, is affecting their health.
The project is not without negative environmental impacts and social consequences: one study by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia found that the project, once underway, could erode the islands in the western part of the bay of Jakarta, destroy the coral reef and lead to the stagnation of polluted water behind the sea wall.
Climate change is having and will have further serious impact in the form of rising sea levels. As Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago state, at current rates, rising sea levels will result in 42 million Indonesian households over 2000 islands being at risk of submersion by the middle of this century. [11]