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An example is the function that relates each real number x to its square x 2. The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). In this example, if the input is −3, then the output is 9, and we may write f(−3) = 9. The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.
In mathematics, some functions or groups of functions are important enough to deserve their own names. This is a listing of articles which explain some of these functions in more detail. There is a large theory of special functions which developed out of statistics and mathematical physics.
A specific element x of X is a value of the variable, and the corresponding element of Y is the value of the function at x, or the image of x under the function. The image of a function, sometimes called its range, is the set of the images of all elements in the domain. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Elementary functions were introduced by Joseph Liouville in a series of papers from 1833 to 1841. [2] [3] [4] An algebraic treatment of elementary functions was started by Joseph Fels Ritt in the 1930s. [5] Many textbooks and dictionaries do not give a precise definition of the elementary functions, and mathematicians differ on it. [6]
Some students studying math may develop an apprehension or fear about their performance in the subject. This is known as math anxiety or math phobia, and is considered the most prominent of the disorders impacting academic performance. Math anxiety can develop due to various factors such as parental and teacher attitudes, social stereotypes ...
In doing so, he discovered a connection between Riemann zeta function and prime numbers, known as the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function. Euler proved Newton's identities , Fermat's little theorem , Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares , and made distinct contributions to the Lagrange's four-square theorem .
In calculus, the integral of a function is a generalization of area, mass, volume, sum, and total. The following pages list the integrals of many different functions. Lists of integrals; List of integrals of exponential functions; List of integrals of hyperbolic functions; List of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions
Computational geometry has been an important part of the computer graphics incorporated into modern video games and computer-aided design tools. Several fields of discrete mathematics, particularly theoretical computer science, graph theory, and combinatorics , are important in addressing the challenging bioinformatics problems associated with ...