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The family of sodium channels has 9 known members, with amino acid identity >50% in the trans-membrane segments and extracellular loop regions. A standardized nomenclature for sodium channels is currently used and is maintained by the IUPHAR. [11] The proteins of these channels are named Na v 1.1 through Na v 1.9.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na +. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), (also known as amiloride-sensitive sodium channel) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to sodium ions (Na +).It is assembled as a heterotrimer composed of three homologous subunits α or δ, β, and γ, [2] These subunits are encoded by four genes: SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, and SCNN1D.
Upon depolarization, the four identical motifs of the sodium channel (which contain six transmembrane segments that include a pore-forming loop and a voltage sensor) move outward to allow for sodium influx. Sodium channels have the intrinsic ability to close rapidly following depolarization, and this current, named the "transient sodium current ...
Sodium channel; Sodium channel opener; Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9; V. Voltage-gated sodium channel This page was last edited on 8 June 2017, at ...
Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (also Na v 1.7) is a sodium ion channel that, in humans, is encoded by the SCN9A gene. [5] [6] [7] It is usually expressed at high levels in two types of neurons: the nociceptive (pain) neurons at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion; and sympathetic ganglion neurons, which are part of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system.
A sodium channel opener is a type of drug which facilitates ion transmission through sodium channels.. Examples include toxins, such as aconitine, veratridine, batrachotoxin, robustoxin, palytoxin and ciguatoxins and insecticides (DDT and pyrethroids), which activate voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), and solnatide (AP301), which activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC).
Voltage clamp methods have demonstrated that Na V 1.8 is unique, among sodium channels, in exhibiting relatively depolarized steady-state inactivation. Thus, Na V 1.8 remains available to operate, when neurons are depolarized to levels that inactivate other sodium channels. Voltage clamp has been used to show how action potentials in DRG cells ...