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A foreign key is a set of attributes in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, linking these two tables. In the context of relational databases, a foreign key is subject to an inclusion dependency constraint that the tuples consisting of the foreign key attributes in one relation, R, must also exist in some other (not necessarily distinct) relation, S; furthermore that those ...
Reserved words in SQL and related products In SQL:2023 [3] In IBM Db2 13 [4] In Mimer SQL 11.0 [5] In MySQL 8.0 [6] In Oracle Database 23c [7] In PostgreSQL 16 [1] In Microsoft SQL Server 2022 [2]
The foreign key is typically a primary key of an entity it is related to. The foreign key is an attribute of the identifying (or owner , parent , or dominant ) entity set . Each element in the weak entity set must have a relationship with exactly one element in the owner entity set, [ 1 ] and therefore, the relationship cannot be a many-to-many ...
The use of efficient indexes on both primary and foreign keys can dramatically improve query performance. This is because B-tree indexes result in query times proportional to log(n) where n is the number of rows in a table and hash indexes result in constant time queries (no size dependency as long as the relevant part of the index fits into ...
For referential integrity to hold in a relational database, any column in a base table that is declared a foreign key can only contain either null values or values from a parent table's primary key or a candidate key. [2] In other words, when a foreign key value is used it must reference a valid, existing primary key in the parent table. For ...
To reduce such index size, some systems allow including non-key fields in the index. Non-key fields are not themselves part of the index ordering but only included at the leaf level, allowing for a covering index with less overall index size. This can be done in SQL with CREATE INDEX my_index ON my_table (id) INCLUDE (name);. [8] [9]
A surrogate key (or synthetic key, pseudokey, entity identifier, factless key, or technical key [citation needed]) in a database is a unique identifier for either an entity in the modeled world or an object in the database. The surrogate key is not derived from application data, unlike a natural (or business) key. [1]
[2] [3] [4] A function in an SQL Where clause can result in the database ignoring relatively compact table indexes. The database may read and inner join the selected columns from both tables before reducing the number of rows using the filter that depends on a calculated value, resulting in a relatively enormous amount of inefficient processing.