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Ground-glass opacity is most often used to describe findings in high-resolution CT imaging of the thorax, although it is also used when describing chest radiographs. In CT, the term refers to one or multiple areas of increased attenuation (density) without concealment of the pulmonary vasculature .
Ground glass opacity: No routine follow-up: CT after 6–12 months to check if persistent, then after 2 years and then another 2 years Part solid No routine follow-up: CT after 6–12 months: If unchanged and solid component remains <6mm: Annual CT for 5 years. Solid component ≥6mm: highly suspicious; Multiple nodules CT after 3–6 months.
There may be superimposed CT features such as mild ground-glass opacity, reticular pattern and pulmonary ossification. Probable UIP pattern: [4] Predominantly subpleural and basal; Often heterogenous distribution; Reticular pattern with peripheral traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis; There may be mild ground-glass opacity; Indeterminate ...
Acute presentation may reveal poorly defined a micro-nodular interstitial pattern and ground-glass opacities in the lower and mid lung zones. In addition to this, subacute presentations may show reticular nodular opacities in mid-to-lower lung zones. [1] Chronic forms may show fibrotic changes and appear like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
X-ray and CT of ground glass opacities and pneumothorax in pneumocystis pneumonia. [7] Pneumothorax is a well-known complication of PCP. [8] Also, a condition similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur in patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia, and such individuals may require intubation. [9]
Ground-glass opacities are common but less extensive than the reticulation; Distribution characteristically basal and peripheral though often patchy. High-resolution computed tomography scans of the chest of a patient with IPF. The main features are of a peripheral, predominantly basal pattern of coarse reticulation with honeycombing
The diagnosis is made by the clinical picture and the chest X-ray, which demonstrates decreased lung volumes (bell-shaped chest), absence of the thymus (after about six hours), a small (0.5–1 mm), discrete, uniform infiltrate (sometimes described as a "ground glass" appearance or "diffuse airspace and interstitial opacities") that involves ...
Clinical tests include chest radiography or (HRCT) which may show centrilobular nodular and ground-glass opacities with air-trapping in the middle and upper lobes of the lungs. Fibrosis may also be evident. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) findings coinciding with pneumonitis typically include a lymphocytosis with a low CD4:CD8 ratio. [7] [13]