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The strike was prompted by the poor working conditions in the match factory, including fourteen-hour work days, poor pay, excessive fines, and the severe health complications of working with yellow (or white) phosphorus, such as phossy jaw. 1888 (United States) United States enacted first federal labor relations law; the law applied only to ...
The boom stopped in 1920 when unemployment began to increase, by the time that the Liberal-Conservative coalition lost power at the 1922 general election, the unemployment rate had reached 2,500,000. A committee on unemployment was set up in 1920 and recommended public work schemes to ease unemployment, this led to the establishment of the ...
The movement gained major impetus during the late 19th and early 20th centuries from the Catholic Social Teaching tradition which began in 1891 with the publication of Pope Leo XIII's foundational document, Rerum novarum, also known as "On the Condition of the Working Classes," in which he advocated a series of reforms including limits on the ...
For example, the steel industry was mainly concerned with being phased out due to technological advances while other industries, namely textiles, had problems with child labor and working conditions. The variety of problems and concerns led to legislation being passed, which covered different areas and led to greater reform.
The European Miracle: Environments, economies and geopolitics in the history of Europe and Asia (2nd edition; 1987). excerpt and text search; Kellenbenz, Hermann, and Gerhard Benecke. The Rise of the European Economy: An Economic History of Continental Europe from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century (1976) online; Persson, Karl Gunnar.
The rise in enrollment rates of primary schools shows a continued accumulation of human capital in European countries, which began in the 19th century. [7] Along with technological innovations, the large stock of human capital across Europe led to increases in total-factor productivity (TFP). As the relative peace in Europe dissipated in the ...
The aftermath of the First World War in Italy resulted in great levels of unemployment and an economic crisis. For example, by the end of 1920, the Italian lira was worth only one-quarter of its 1914 value and in the first half of 1921, the cost of living for an average working-class family was 560% higher than it had been in 1914. [11]
As a result of Germany's urbanization, Germany's working-class often had to deal with miserable working and living conditions. [7] In turn, this set the stage for intense social conflict within Germany as well as led to the rise of the German Social Democratic Party--the largest socialist party in the world during this time—thanks to large-scale worker support for it.