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Siena: The Rise of Painting, 1300–1350, is an exhibition of Sienese painting displayed at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art (2024–2025) and London National Gallery (2025). Exhibition [ edit ]
The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and in line with general skepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual cultural heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term and as a ...
Italian Renaissance – late 13th century – c. 1600 – late 15th century – late 16th century; Renaissance Classicism; Early Netherlandish painting – 1400 – 1500; Early Cretan School – post-Byzantine art or Cretan Renaissance 1400 – 1500; Mannerism and Late Renaissance – 1520 – 1600, began in central Italy
These are effectively seen as occurring in three phases - the Carolingian Renaissance (8th and 9th centuries), Ottonian Renaissance (10th century) and the Renaissance of the 12th century. The term was first used by medievalists in the 19th century, by analogy with the historiographical concept of the 15th and 16th century Italian Renaissance.
Italian Renaissance – The Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy around the end of the 13th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
The nature of the Renaissance also changed in the late 15th century. The Renaissance ideal was fully adopted by the ruling classes and the aristocracy. In the early Renaissance artists were seen as craftsmen with little prestige or recognition. By the later Renaissance, the top figures wielded great influence and could charge great fees.
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Thus, Otto's reign has been called the Ottonian Renaissance. Therefore, the Renaissance of the 12th century has been identified as the third and final of the medieval renaissances. Yet the renaissance of the twelfth century was far more thoroughgoing than those renaissances that preceded in the Carolingian or in the Ottonian periods. [7]