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Soon after Koch's discovery, Paul Ehrlich developed a stain for mycobacterium tuberculosis, called the alum hematoxylin stain. [20] Franz Ziehl then altered Ehrlich's staining technique by using carbolic acid as the mordant. Friedrich Neelsen kept Ziehl's choice of mordant but changed the primary stain to carbol fuchsin. Ziehl and Neelsen's ...
However, the mycolic acid in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis does not absorb the stain. Instead, acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen stain, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used. [4] Cells are curved rod-shaped and are often seen wrapped together, due to the presence of fatty acids in the cell wall that stick together. [11]
Ziehl–Neelsen stain (classic and modified bleach types) [5]; Kinyoun stain; For color blind people (or in backgrounds where detecting red bacteria is difficult), Victoria blue can be substituted for carbol fuchsin and picric acid can be used as the counter stain instead of methylene blue, and the rest of the Kinyoun technique can be used.
Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin Epithelioid cell histiocytoma: von Kossa: Calcium: Calcinosis cutis Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: Wade: Leprosy: Wright: Blood cells: Transient neonatal pustular melanosis [nb 3] Erythema toxicum neonatorum [nb 4] > Granuloma inguinale: Ziehl–Neelsen stain: Leprosy [nb 1]
A Ziehl–Neelsen stain is an acid-fast stain used to stain species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that do not stain with the standard laboratory staining procedures such as Gram staining. This stain is performed through the use of both red coloured carbol fuchsin that stains the bacteria and a counter stain such as methylene blue.
The preferred method for this is fluorescence microscopy (auramine-rhodamine staining), which is more sensitive than conventional Ziehl–Neelsen staining. [4] In cases where there is no spontaneous sputum production, a sample can be induced, usually by inhalation of a nebulized saline or saline with bronchodilator solution.
[14] [58] The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain [60] and the Kinyoun stain, which dye acid-fast bacilli a bright red that stands out against a blue background. [61] Auramine-rhodamine staining [62] and fluorescence microscopy [63] are also used.
The two most common methods for visualizing these acid-fast bacilli as bright red against a blue background are the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and modified Kinyoun stain. Fite's stain is used to color M. leprae cells as pink against a blue background. Rapid Modified Auramine O Fluorescent staining has specific binding to slowly-growing mycobacteria ...