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Licinius's fleet of 350 ships was defeated by Constantine's fleet in 323. Then in 324, Constantine, tempted by the "advanced age and unpopular vices" [7] [5] of his colleague, again declared war against him and having defeated his army of 165,000 men [15] at the Battle of Adrianople (3 July 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of ...
A coin of Constantine (c. 337) showing a depiction of his Labarum standard spearing a serpent. Licinius and his son, depicted with haloes, on a gold coin. The Battle of Chrysopolis was fought on 18 September 324 at Chrysopolis (modern Üsküdar), near Chalcedon (modern Kadıköy), between the two Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius.
Constantine had defeated Licinius in a previous war eight years earlier at the Battles of Cibalae and Campus Mardiensis.Peace was quickly arranged after this, in which Constantine conquered all of the Balkan Peninsula, with the exception of Thrace, [1] and placed himself in a superior position to Licinius, leaving an unstable relationship between them.
Constantine marched against Licinius, and the two fought against one another in the war of Cibalae, with Constantine being victorious. They clashed again in the Battle of Campus Ardiensis in 317, and agreed to a settlement in which Constantine's sons Crispus and Constantine II, and Licinius' son Licinianus were made caesars. [106] [107]
A year later, Constantine's nephew, the younger Licinius II, also fell victim to the emperor's anger or suspicions. He was executed in 326 and his name was expunged from official inscriptions. [14] [15] Constantine became the first man to be master of the entire Roman world since the elevation of Maximian as co-emperor by Diocletian in 286. [16]
Constantine's decision to cease the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire was a turning point for early Christianity, sometimes referred to as the Triumph of the Church, the Peace of the Church or the Constantinian shift. In 313, Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan decriminalizing Christian
Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306, and he emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both West and East by 324. The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire. [7]
Constantine, sensing the threat, in turn drew closer to Licinius, and having assured himself of the latter's overt neutrality and secret support, unexpectedly attacked Maxentius in 312. Constantine invaded Italy and defeated Maxentius in a lightning campaign which culminated in the battle of the Milvian Bridge where the latter was killed. [3]