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The magnetic moments of objects are typically measured with devices called magnetometers, though not all magnetometers measure magnetic moment: Some are configured to measure magnetic field instead. If the magnetic field surrounding an object is known well enough, though, then the magnetic moment can be calculated from that magnetic field.
is the magnitude of the applied magnetic field (A/m), is absolute temperature , is a material-specific Curie constant (K). Pierre Curie discovered this relation, now known as Curie's law, by fitting data from experiment. It only holds for high temperatures and weak magnetic fields.
While the transfer of angular momentum on a magnetic moment from an applied magnetic field is shown to cause precession of the moment about the field axis, the rotation of the moment into alignment with the field occurs through damping processes. Atomic-level dynamics involves interactions between magnetization, electrons, and phonons. [3]
Where is the elementary magnetic moment and is the volume element; in other words, the M-field is the distribution of magnetic moments in the region or manifold concerned. This is better illustrated through the following relation: m = ∭ M d V {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} =\iiint \mathbf {M} \,\mathrm {d} V} where m is an ordinary magnetic ...
Here μ 0 is the permeability of free space; M the magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume), B = μ 0 H is the magnetic field, and C the material-specific Curie constant: = (+), where k B is the Boltzmann constant, N the number of magnetic atoms (or molecules) per unit volume, g the Landé g-factor, μ B the Bohr magneton, J the angular ...
The magnetic moment of an object is an intrinsic property and does not change with distance, and thus can be used to measure "how strong" a magnet is. For example, Earth possesses an enormous magnetic moment, however we are very distant from its center and experience only a tiny magnetic flux density (measured in tesla ) on its surface.
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The effective field H eff is a combination of the external magnetic field, the demagnetizing field, and various internal magnetic interactions involving quantum mechanical effects, which is typically defined as the functional derivative of the magnetic free energy with respect to the local magnetization M. To solve this equation, additional ...