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Lowered hematocrit levels also pose health impacts. These causes and impacts have been reported: A low hematocrit level is a sign of a low red blood cell count. One way to increase the ability of oxygen transport in red blood cells is through blood transfusion, which is carried out typically when the red blood cell count is low.
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.
Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8] The definition is different for neonates and varies by age in children. [9] [10]
Anemia is a deficiency in the size or number of red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin they contain. [1] This deficiency limits the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between the blood and the tissue cells. [1] Globally, young children, women, and older adults are at the highest risk of developing anemia. [1]
Other differences between populations may affect the reference ranges: for example, people living at higher altitudes have higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC results, and people of African heritage have lower white blood cell counts on average. [186] The type of analyzer used to run the CBC affects the reference ranges as well.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of red blood cells and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. [citation needed] = Normal range: 32-36 g/dL
The measure is obtained by multiplying a volume of blood by the proportion of blood that is cellular (the hematocrit), and dividing that product by the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in that volume.
The cell can be identified based on the intensity of the scattered light and the level of absorbance. [8] A 5-part cell counter can differentiate all WBC types (neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils , eosinophils , and monocytes). 5-part analyzers are more expensive than 3-part analyzers, but provide more in-depth information about the sample.