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A rare book on the period of Sikh-rule over Kashmir. After four centuries of Muslim rule, Kashmir fell to the conquering armies of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh of Punjab after the Battle of Shopian in 1819. [69] As the Kashmiris had suffered under the Afghans, they initially welcomed the new Sikh rulers. [70]
India holds that the Instrument of Accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India, signed by Maharaja Hari Singh (erstwhile ruler of the State) on 25 October 1947 [371] [372] and executed on 27 October 1947 [372] between the ruler of Kashmir and the Governor General of India was a legal act and completely valid in terms of ...
Tribesmen again poured into Kashmir. [116] 31 October 1947 (): Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the head of the Emergency Administration in Kashmir. [117] 31 October 1947 (): Major William Brown, the commander of the Gilgit Scouts, led a coup against the governor of Gilgit and imprisoned him. A provisional government was declared by the rebels.
Large scale massacres and expulsion of Hindus and Sikhs occurred in Mirpur, Bhimber, Muzaffarabad, Kotil, Poonch etc. [11] The Provisional State of Azad (Free) Jammu and Kashmir was created on 24 October 1947 when a group of rebels (the 'Azad Army') announced its formation in the southwestern areas of J&K.
The Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948, also known as the first Kashmir war, [27] was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars between the two newly independent nations .
The Kashmiri Pandits, the only Hindus of the Kashmir valley, who had stably constituted approximately 4 to 5% of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (1846–1947), and 20% of whom had left the Kashmir valley to other parts of India in the 1950s, [68] underwent a complete exodus in the 1990s due to the Kashmir insurgency. According to ...
But in September 1946, they had passed a resolution in favour of an Azad Kashmir (free Kashmir), though the move came in for criticism within the party. [ 26 ] The Hindus, who were mostly confined to the Jammu province, were organised under Rajya Hindu Sabha led by Prem Nath Dogra , and were allied to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh .
History of Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947-48. History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (2015) [first published 1979 by Ferozsons]. Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2. Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies. Archived from the original on 29 March ...