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Faraday's ice pail experiment is a simple electrostatics experiment performed in 1843 by British scientist Michael Faraday [1] [2] that demonstrates the effect of electrostatic induction on a conducting container. For a container, Faraday used a metal pail made to hold ice, which gave the experiment its name. [3]
English: Diagram of electric fields in Faraday's ice pail experiment.A charged object (small sphere) is placed inside a conductive metal shell (large sphere).The electrostatic field of the interior charge causes the mobile charges in the metal to separate, inducing a positive charge on the inner surface of the shell, and a negative charge on the outer surface.
Faraday's ice pail experiment: Michael Faraday: Demonstration Electromagnetic induction: 1850 Foucault's measurements of the speed of light: Léon Foucault: Measurement
So for all intents and purposes, the Faraday shield generates the same static electric field on the outside that it would generate if the metal were simply charged with +Q. See Faraday's ice pail experiment, for example, for more details on electric field lines and the decoupling of the outside from the inside. Note that electromagnetic waves ...
In his work on static electricity, Faraday's ice pail experiment demonstrated that the charge resided only on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the exterior charges redistribute such that the interior fields emanating from them cancel one another.
This is part of the electrical induction process, and is an example of the related "Faraday's ice bucket". Also, the idea of bringing small amounts of charge into the center of a large metal object with a large net charge, as happens in Kelvin's water dropper, relies on the same physics as in the operation of a van de Graaff generator .
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The Chemical History of a Candle was the title of a series of six lectures on the chemistry and physics of flames given by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution in 1848, as part of the series of Christmas lectures for young people founded by Faraday in 1825 and still given there every year.