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A ship's draft/draught is the "depth of the vessel below the waterline measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull, propellers, or other reference point". [1] That is, the draft or draught is the maximum depth of any part of the vessel, including appendages such as rudders, propellers and drop keels if deployed.
Draft, Air – Air Draft/Draught is the distance from the water line to the highest point on a ship (including antennas) while it is loaded. Air draft is the minimum height a ship needs to pass under, while standard draft is the minimum depth a ship needs to float over.
Draft marks, by showing how low a ship is sitting in the water, make it possible to determine displacement. The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight . As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle , by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value ...
The tropical load line is one forty-eighth of the summer load draft above the summer load line. The fresh water load line is an amount equal to Δ / 4T millimetres above the summer load line where Δ is the displacement in tonnes at the summer load draft and T is the tonnes per centimetre immersion at that draft. In any case where Δ ...
The vessel's clearance is the distance in excess of the air draft which allows a vessel to pass safely under a bridge or obstacle such as power lines, etc.A bridge's "clearance below" is most often noted on charts as measured from the surface of the water to the underside of the bridge at the chart datum Mean High Water (MHW), [3] [4] a less restrictive clearance than Mean Higher High Water ...
Squat effect is approximately proportional to the square of the speed of the ship. Thus, by reducing speed by half, the squat effect is reduced by a factor of four. [2] Squat effect is usually felt more when the depth/draft ratio is less than four [2] or when sailing close to a bank. It can lead to unexpected groundings and handling difficulties.
A draft survey is a calculation of the weight of cargo loaded or unloaded to or from a ship from measurents of changes in its displacement. The technique is based on Archimedes' principle . The procedure is standardized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for the measurement of coal cargoes.
This is a list of historical ship types, which includes any classification of ship that has ever been used, excluding smaller vessels considered to be boats. The classifications are not all mutually exclusive; a vessel may be both a full-rigged ship by description, and a collier or frigate by function. A two-masted schooner Aircraft Carrier