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The University of Erfurt claims to be the oldest university in what is present day Germany, although it was closed for 178 years. [23] Heidelberg University (founded 1386, before actual teaching started in Erfurt) also claims to be Germany's oldest university. [24] 38: 1380: University of Dyrrachium: Medieval Kingdom of Albania: Durrës, Albania
A map of medieval universities. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
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A 1911 map of medieval universities in Europe The University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy, founded in 1088, the world's oldest university in continuous operation [1] A dining hall at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, the world's second-oldest university and oldest in the English-speaking world A partial view of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England, the world's third ...
Ancient Egyptians established an organization of higher learning – the Per-ankh, which means the "House of Life" – in 2000 BCE. [3] [4]In the third century BCE, amid the Ptolemaic dynasty, the Serapeum, Mouseion, and Library of Alexandria served as organizations of higher learning in Alexandria.
The rise of medieval universities and scholasticism in the Renaissance of the 12th century offered alternative venues and new learning opportunities to the students and thus led to a gradual decline of the monastic schools. [1]
European universities date from the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088 or the University of Paris (c. 1150–70). The original medieval universities arose from the Roman Catholic Church schools. Their purposes included training professionals, scientific investigation, improving society, and teaching critical thinking and research.
Educational institutions categorised by year of founding. Note that most medieval universities were originally schools or colleges, and were refounded as universities at a later date -- the date of refounding as a university is usually taken by historians to be the date that the university was established.