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Olive oil contains small amounts of free fatty acids (meaning not attached to other fatty acids in the form of a triglyceride). Free acidity is an important parameter that defines the quality of olive oil. It is usually expressed as a percentage of oleic acid (the main fatty acid present in olive oil
The identification and separation of the primary fatty acids responsible for acidity can ensure higher quality of fat and oil products. [12] In 2020, Dallas Group of America (DGA) [13] and American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) devised a standard method (5a-40) for testing free fatty acid in cooking oils. [14]
An example is the determination of free fatty acid content. Saponification value: the mass in milligrams of KOH required to saponify a fatty acid in one gram of sample. Saponification is used to determine average chain length of fatty acids in fat. Ester value (or ester index): a calculated index. Ester value = Saponification value – Acid value.
In the duodenum, dietary fat (primarily triglycerides) is digested by enzymes such as pancreatic lipase into smaller molecules of 1,2-Diacylglycerols and free fatty acids, which can be absorbed through the wall of the jejenum of the small intestine [1] and enter circulation for metabolism and storage.
The Gerber method is the primary testing method in Europe and much of the world. [2] The fairly similar Babcock test is used primarily in the United States, although the Gerber method also enjoys significant use in the U.S. as well. [3] The Gerber method was developed and patented by Dr. Niklaus Gerber of Switzerland in 1891. [4]
The determination of trace acids in organic matrices is a common analytical task assigned to titrimetry. Examples are Total Acid Number (TAN) in mineral and lubricating oils and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in edible fats and oils.
Smoke point values can vary greatly, depending on factors such as the volume of oil utilized, the size of the container, the presence of air currents, the type and source of light as well as the quality of the oil and its acidity content, otherwise known as free fatty acid (FFA) content. [2]
The Reichert value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from a particular fat or oil through saponification. It is equal to the number of millilitres of 0.1 normal hydroxide solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-soluble volatile fatty acids distilled and filtered from 5 grams of a given saponified fat.