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In computer science, in particular in knowledge representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning. The study of automated reasoning helps produce computer programs that allow computers to reason completely, or nearly completely, automatically.
The Journal of Automated Reasoning was established in 1983 by Larry Wos, who was its editor in chief until 1992. [1] It covers research and advances in automated reasoning, mechanical verification of theorems, and other deductions in classical and non-classical logic. [2] The journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media.
Automated essay scoring (AES) is the use of specialized computer programs to assign grades to essays written in an educational setting. It is a form of educational assessment and an application of natural language processing. Its objective is to classify a large set of textual entities into a small number of discrete categories, corresponding ...
The journal was established in 1968 and is published by the Hong Kong Institute of Educational Research at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. [1] Articles in the journal are published in either Chinese or English. In 2010, the journal merged with the Journal of Basic Education. After 2018, the journal discontinued its print version, and all ...
The inference engine may also include abilities for explanation, so that it can explain to a user the chain of reasoning used to arrive at a particular conclusion by tracing back over the firing of rules that resulted in the assertion. [50] There are mainly two modes for an inference engine: forward chaining and backward chaining. The different ...
Symbolic AI used tools such as logic programming, production rules, semantic nets and frames, and it developed applications such as knowledge-based systems (in particular, expert systems), symbolic mathematics, automated theorem provers, ontologies, the semantic web, and automated planning and scheduling systems.
The engine used for automated reasoning in expert systems were typically called inference engines. Those used for more general logical inferencing are typically called theorem provers. [2] With the rise in popularity of expert systems many new types of automated reasoning were applied to diverse problems in government and industry.
The task is the following. You are given a piece of text, such as a journal article, and you must produce a list of keywords or key[phrase]s that capture the primary topics discussed in the text. [14] In the case of research articles, many authors provide manually assigned keywords, but most text lacks pre-existing keyphrases. For example, news ...