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Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 2-COOH-THC; conjugate base tetrahydrocannabinolate) is a precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active component of cannabis. [1]THCA is found in variable quantities in fresh, undried cannabis, but is progressively decarboxylated to THC with drying, and especially under intense heating such as when cannabis is smoked or cooked into cannabis edibles.
"The effect of the acetate is more spiritual and psychedelic than that of the ordinary product. The most unique property of this material is that there is a delay of about thirty minutes before its effects are felt." The U.S. DEA first encountered THC-O-acetate as an apparent controlled substance analogue of THC in 1978.
CBD heated to 175, [13] or 250–300 °C may partially be converted into THC. [14] Even at room temperature, trace amounts of THC can be formed as a contaminant in CBD stored for long periods in the presence of moisture and carbon dioxide in the air, with storage under inert gas required to maintain analytically pure CBD.
Geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid react, catalysed by an enzyme to produce cannabigerolic acid, [42] which is cyclized by the enzyme THC acid synthase to give THCA. Over time, or when heated, THCA is decarboxylated, producing THC. The pathway for THCA biosynthesis is similar to that which produces the bitter acid humulone in hops.
Since it has a longer side chain, its cannabinoid effects are "far higher than Δ 9-THC itself." Tetrahydrocannabiphorol has a reported binding affinity of 1.2 nM at CB 1, approximately 33 times that of Δ 9-THC (40 nM at CB 1). [4] THCP was studied by Roger Adams as early as 1942. [5]
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase (full name Δ 1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase) is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the formation of THCA from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). THCA is the direct precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , the principal psychoactive component of cannabis , which is produced from various strains of ...
No official studies have been conducted on the effects of synthetic cannabinoids on humans (as is often the case with illegal and potentially toxic compounds); [72] however, user reports and the effects experienced by patients seeking medical care after taking synthetic cannabinoids have been published. Each of the many different synthetic ...
In Phase III trials, the most common adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness and disorientation; 12% of subjects stopped taking the drug because of the side effects. [57] Dronabinol (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [58]