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  2. Rolle's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle's_theorem

    By the standard version of Rolle's theorem, for every integer k from 1 to n, there exists a c k in the open interval (a k, b k) such that f ′(c k) = 0. Hence, the first derivative satisfies the assumptions on the n − 1 closed intervals [c 1, c 2], …, [c n − 1, c n].

  3. Notation for differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_for_differentiation

    It is particularly common when the equation y = f(x) is regarded as a functional relationship between dependent and independent variables y and x. Leibniz's notation makes this relationship explicit by writing the derivative as: [ 1 ] d y d x . {\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}.}

  4. Second derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_derivative

    The second derivative of a function f can be used to determine the concavity of the graph of f. [2] A function whose second derivative is positive is said to be concave up (also referred to as convex), meaning that the tangent line near the point where it touches the function will lie below the graph of the function.

  5. Differential calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calculus

    When x and y are real variables, the derivative of f at x is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f at x. Because the source and target of f are one-dimensional, the derivative of f is a real number. If x and y are vectors, then the best linear approximation to the graph of f depends on how f changes in several

  6. Derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

    In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point.

  7. Differentiation rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_rules

    The derivative of the function at a point is the slope of the line tangent to the curve at the point. Slope of the constant function is zero, because the tangent line to the constant function is horizontal and its angle is zero. In other words, the value of the constant function, y, will not change as the value of x increases or decreases.

  8. Product rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_rule

    In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule [1] or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions.For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as () ′ = ′ + ′ or in Leibniz's notation as () = +.

  9. Differential of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_of_a_function

    In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function = with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential is defined by = ′ (), where ′ is the derivative of f with respect to , and is an additional real variable (so that is a function of and ).