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London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [1] or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically symmetric; that is, the electrons are ...
A straight-chain alkane will have a boiling point higher than a branched-chain alkane due to the greater surface area in contact, and thus greater van der Waals forces, between adjacent molecules. For example, compare isobutane (2-methylpropane) and n-butane (butane), which boil at −12 and 0 °C, and 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutane ...
In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force (sometimes van der Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, these attractions do not result from a chemical electronic bond; [2] they are comparatively weak and therefore more susceptible to disturbance. The van der ...
Water with its permanent dipole is less likely to change shape due to an external electric field. Alkanes are the most polarizable molecules. [9] Although alkenes and arenes are expected to have larger polarizability than alkanes because of their higher reactivity compared to alkanes, alkanes are in fact more polarizable. [9]
The third and dominant contribution is the dispersion or London force (fluctuating dipole–induced dipole), which arises due to the non-zero instantaneous dipole moments of all atoms and molecules. Such polarization can be induced either by a polar molecule or by the repulsion of negatively charged electron clouds in non-polar molecules.
move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes , the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms.
For acetone dipole-dipole interactions are a major driving force behind the structure of its crystal lattice. The negative dipole is caused by oxygen. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, [ 13 ] causing a partial negative (δ-) and positive charge (δ+) on the oxygen and remainder of the molecule, respectively.
Debye forces, or dipole–induced dipole interactions, can also play a role in dispersive adhesion. These come about when a nonpolar molecule becomes temporarily polarized due to interaction with a nearby polar molecule. This "induced dipole" in the nonpolar molecule then is attracted to the permanent dipole, yielding a Debye attraction.