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The octopus genome is unremarkably bilaterian except for large developments of two gene families: protocadherins, which regulate the development of neurons; and the C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors. Many genes specific to cephalopods are expressed in the animals' skin, suckers, and nervous system. [48]
The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates [13] [14] and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [ 11 ] : 14 Captive cephalopods have also been known to climb out of their aquaria, maneuver a distance of the lab floor, enter another aquarium to feed on captive ...
The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all invertebrates. [ 10 ] [ 12 ] The giant nerve fibers of the cephalopod mantle have been widely used for many years as experimental material in neurophysiology ; their large diameter (due to lack of myelination ) makes them relatively easy to study compared with other animals.
Cephalization is a characteristic feature of the bilaterians, a large group containing the majority of animal phyla. [2] These have the ability to move, using muscles, and a body plan with a front end that encounters stimuli first as the animal moves forwards, and accordingly has evolved to contain many of the body's sense organs, able to detect light, chemicals, and gravity.
Recently, scientists have witnessed a species of octopus, the gloomy octopus (Octopus tetricus), engaging in even more extraordinary acts than previously Find Out Why These Octopuses Throw Things ...
[10] Octopus eyes, too, look and work much like those of vertebrates; but there, Baer remarks, the similarities end. Cephalopods are "immensely foreign", with "a distributed sense of self" and a "lived reality" quite unlike human consciousness, a feature that, he notes, Godfrey-Smith calls "the most difficult aspect of octopus experience to ...
Simplified diagram of the mollusc nervous system. ... The blue-ringed octopus's rings are a warning signal; this octopus is alarmed, and its bite can kill. [112]
The brain, optic lobes, and the highly developed arm nervous system are the three main components of the octopus nervous system. [15] Each arm of the octopus has been described as having its own brain, where individual processing, motor systems, and sensory exploration can occur. This is where the concept that octopus have many brains comes ...