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A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area) is proportional to the quantity it represents. While it is named for its resemblance to a pie which has been sliced, there ...
Data and information visualization (data viz/vis or info viz/vis) [2] is the practice of designing and creating easy-to-communicate and easy-to-understand graphic or visual representations of a large amount [3] of complex quantitative and qualitative data and information with the help of static, dynamic or interactive visual items.
The first known bar charts are usually attributed to Nicole Oresme, Joseph Priestley, and William Playfair. [4] A pie chart shows percentage values as a slice of a pie; first introduced by William Playfair. [5] A line chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. The ...
e. In statistics, a misleading graph, also known as a distorted graph, is a graph that misrepresents data, constituting a misuse of statistics and with the result that an incorrect conclusion may be derived from it. Graphs may be misleading by being excessively complex or poorly constructed. Even when constructed to display the characteristics ...
Drain plot : A two-dimensional plot where the data are presented in a hierarchy with multiple levels. The levels are nested in the sense that the pieces in each pie chart add up to 100%. A waterfall or waterdrop metaphor is used to link each layer to the one below visually conveying the hierarchical structure. Drain Plot. [4]
This spider chart represents the allocated budget versus actual spending for a given organization. A radar chart is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data in the form of a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point. The relative position and angle of the axes is ...
To represent the economy of 18th century England, Playfair used statistical graphs, bar charts, line graphs, area charts, and histograms. In his work, Statistical Breviary, he is credited with introducing the first pie chart. [10] [11] [12] Around 1820, modern geography was established by Carl Ritter. [13]
Diagram. A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. [1] Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto a two-dimensional surface.