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Havells India Limited is an Indian multinational electrical equipment company, based in Noida. The company manufactures home appliances , lighting for domestic, commercial and industrial applications, LED lighting , fans , modular switches and wiring accessories, water heaters , industrial and domestic circuit protection switchgear, industrial ...
Capacitors for AC applications are primarily film capacitors, metallized paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors and bipolar electrolytic capacitors. The rated AC load for an AC capacitor is the maximum sinusoidal effective AC current (rms) which may be applied continuously to a capacitor within the specified temperature range.
For air dielectric capacitors the breakdown field strength is of the order 2–5 MV/m (or kV/mm); for mica the breakdown is 100–300 MV/m; for oil, 15–25 MV/m; it can be much less when other materials are used for the dielectric. [37] The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is limited.
An electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization.This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor.
A piece of columbite–tantalite, size 6.0 × 2.5 × 2.1 cm. Coltan (short for columbite–tantalites and known industrially as tantalite) is a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.
Electrolytic capacitors differ from other capacitor types, whose capacitances are typically measured at 1 kHz or higher. For tantalum capacitors a DC bias voltage of 1.1 to 1.5 V for types with a rated voltage of ≤2.5 V or 2.1 to 2.5 V for types with a rated voltage of >2.5 V may be applied during the measurement to avoid reverse voltage.
The voltage rating does not need to be symmetrical; "semi-polar" capacitors can be made with different thicknesses of oxide coatings, so they can withstand different voltages in each direction, [38] but these bipolar electrolytic capacitors are not adaptable for main AC applications instead of power capacitors with metallized polymer film or ...
A capacitor with the following text on its body: 105K 330V has a capacitance of 10 × 10 5 pF = 1 μF (K = ±10%) with a working voltage of 330 V. A capacitor with the following text: 473M 100V has a capacitance of 47 × 10 3 pF = 47 nF (M = ±20%) with a working voltage of 100 V.