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The war, also called the First Kashmir War, started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharaja of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following partition, princely states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent.
[note 6] The resulting First Kashmir War lasted until the end of 1948. The Pakistan army made available arms, ammunition and supplies to the rebel forces who were dubbed the "Azad Army". Pakistani army officers "conveniently" on leave and the former officers of the Indian National Army were recruited to command the forces.
The First Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) was fought between the Sikh Empire, which asserted sovereignty over Kashmir, and the East India Company. In the Treaty of Lahore of 1846, the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and the Sutlej River and required to pay an indemnity of 1.2 million rupees.
First Indo-Pakistani War (1947–1948) [11] [12] Pakistan Azad Kashmir Furqan Force State of Swat [13] Indian National Army veterans [14] India Jammu and Kashmir: Ceasefire [15] Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan; Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954) Pakistan: Faqir of Ipi's forces Pashtun tribe forces; Supported by Afghanistan ...
1 Operation Peace 1948 Junagadh State: Annexation of Junagadh [1] [2] 2 Operation Polo: 1948 Hyderabad State: Indian armed forces ended the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad and led to the incorporation of the princely state of Hyderabad in Southern India, into the Indian Union 3 Golden Temple Raid I: 1955 Punjab: To curb the Punjabi Suba Morcha ...
Indian army in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. This is also called the First Kashmir War. The war started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharajah of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following partition, states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent.
17 October 1949 (): The Indian Constituent Assembly adopted Article 370 of the Constitution, ensuring a special status and internal autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir, with Indian jurisdiction in Kashmir limited to the three areas agreed in the Instrument of Accession: defence, foreign affairs and communications.
Kashmir was in a conundrum to join India or Pakistan. After the Pakistani tribal invasion on 22 October 1947, the ruler of Kashmir joined India, signing the instrument of annexation to India. Brown went to the governor of Gilgit Agency urged him to join Pakistan as the population was majority Muslim.