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God being "powerful" does not impute a distinct quality of "power" to God's essence but is merely to say that God is not weak. This view was held by the Mu'tazila and prominent Islamic philosophers like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) to preserve the notion of God's oneness ( tawḥīd ) and reject any multiplicity within God.
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take ...
Strong theological determinism is based on the concept of a creator deity dictating all events in history: "everything that happens has been predestined to happen by an omniscient, omnipotent divinity". [2] Weak theological determinism, is based on the concept of divine foreknowledge – "because God's omniscience is perfect, what God knows ...
Allāh is the Arabic word referring to God in Abrahamic religions. [25] [26] [27] In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam.The Arabic word Allāh is thought to be derived by contraction from al-ʾilāh, which means "the god", [1] (i.e., the only god) and is related to El and Elah, the Hebrew and Aramaic words for God.
The question of how to reconcile God's absolute power with human responsibility for their actions, led to "one of the earliest sectarian schisms" in Islam, between the Qadarites (aka Qadariyah), who believed in total free will of humans (and who appeared in Damascus around the end of the seventh century CE); [19] and the Jabriyya, who believed ...
Modern scholars of the history of Islam and Islamic studies say that some instances of theological thought were already developed among polytheists in pre-Islamic Arabia, such as the belief in fatalism (ḳadar), which reoccurs in Islamic theology regarding the metaphysical debates on the attributes of God in Islam, predestination, and human ...
Al-Albani, prominent figure of Salafism and modern era Hadith scholar; considered kalam doctrine as misguided in the Islamic creed due to their Ta'til methodology, which consequently divesting the Names of God in Islam. Al-Albani stated the notable example was the rejection of kalam scholars of the al-ʿAliyy (Most highest) attribute of God. [130]
Islamic philosophy had a major impact in Christian Europe, where translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics. [2]