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Online collection of all digital USGS 1:24K scale topographic maps (as well as various other GIS data) covering the United States, available as a free download. NPScape United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NPScape is a landscape dynamics monitoring project that provides landscape-level data, tools, and evaluations for ...
This is a list of free and open-source software for geological data handling and interpretation. The list is split into broad categories, depending on the intended use of the software and its scope of functionality. Notice that 'free and open-source' requires that the source code is available and users are given a free software license.
The Libre Map Project was started by Jared Benedict and around 100 additional individuals contributing money to purchase (or "liberate") a full set of 1:24K scale USGS topographic maps in Digital raster graphic form. [1] The map files were then hosted by archive.org to ensure the map data will continue to be freely available to everyone ...
OpenStreetMap is freely licensed under the Open Database License and is commonly used to make electronic maps, inform turn-by-turn navigation, and assist in humanitarian aid and data visualisation. OpenStreetMap uses its own topology [clarification needed] to store geographical features which can then be exported into other GIS file formats.
The OS MasterMap Topography Layer represents topography at a scale of 1:1250. It is further subdivided into a number of themes: land area classifications' buildings, roads, tracks and paths, rail, water, terrain and height, heritage and antiquities, structures; and administrative boundaries.
The origin of the geodatabase was in the mid-1990s during the emergence of the first spatial databases.One early approach to integrating relational databases and GIS was the use of server middleware, a third-party program that stores the spatial data in database tables in a custom format, and translates it dynamically into a logical model that can be understood by the client software.
Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or topo maps. In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called or quads or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines.
The Database of Original & Non-Theoretical Uses of Topology (DONUT) is a database of scholarly articles featuring practical applications of topological data analysis to various areas of science. DONUT was started in 2017 by Barbara Giunti, Janis Lazovskis, and Bastian Rieck, [ 126 ] and as of October 2023 currently contains 447 articles. [ 127 ]