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Militarization, or militarisation, is the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence.It is related to militarism, which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state.
Military sociology is a subfield within sociology. It corresponds closely to C. Wright Mills 's summons to connect the individual world to broader social structures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Military sociology aims toward the systematic study of the military as a social group rather than as a military organization .
Conflict theories are perspectives in political philosophy and sociology which argue that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than agreement, while also emphasizing social psychology, historical materialism, power dynamics, and their roles in creating power structures, social movements, and social arrangements within a society.
The original use of the term "boundary-work" for these sorts of issues has been attributed to Thomas F. Gieryn, [2] a sociologist, who initially used it to discuss the problem of demarcation, the philosophical difficulty of coming up with a rigorous delineation between what is "science" and what is "non-science".
Militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) are conflicts between states that do not involve a full-scale war. These include any conflicts in which one or more states threaten, display, or use force against one or more other states.
In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...
Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. [3] The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. [7] This was also important in post-war thought.
The disputed Jammu and Kashmir region is regarded as one of the world’s most militarized places. [ 10 ] In recent years, the Indian government has increased the military expenditure of the 1.4 million-strong military across all branches and embarked on a rapid modernization program.