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[13] [14] If two locations have different total chemical potentials for a species, some of it may be due to potentials associated with "external" force fields (electric potential energy, gravitational potential energy, etc.), while the rest would be due to "internal" factors (density, temperature, etc.) [13] Therefore, the total chemical ...
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
The first sequel to Species, Species II was released theatrically on April 10, 1998. [37] The film depicts astronauts on a mission to Mars being attacked by the aliens from Species, and the events that ensue upon their return to Earth. There, Dr. Baker has been working on Eve, a more docile clone of Sil.
μ i is the electrochemical potential of species i, in J/mol, μ i is the chemical potential of the species i, in J/mol, z i is the valency (charge) of the ion i, a dimensionless integer, F is the Faraday constant, in C/mol, Φ is the local electrostatic potential in V. In the special case of an uncharged atom, z i = 0, and so μ i = μ i.
As originally formulated by Benjamin Widom in 1963, [1] the approach can be summarized by the equation: = = where is called the insertion parameter, is the number density of species , is the activity of species , is the Boltzmann constant, and is temperature, and is the interaction energy of an inserted particle with all other particles in the system.
In thermodynamics, the excess chemical potential is defined as the difference between the chemical potential of a given species and that of an ideal gas under the same conditions (in particular, at the same pressure, temperature, and composition). [1] The chemical potential of a particle species is therefore given by an ideal part and an excess ...
Species is a science-fiction-action horror film series created by Dennis Feldman consisting of three related films and one standalone film. Films. Species (1995)
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...