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There were 735.1 million malnourished people in the world in 2022, a decrease of 58.3 million since 2005, [2] despite the fact that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (8 billion people) and could feed more than that (12 billion people). [3]
In 2020, 900 million women and children had anemia, which is often caused by iron deficiency. [38] More than 3.1 billion people in the world – 42% – were unable to afford a healthy diet in 2021. More than 3.1 billion people in the world – 42% – were unable to afford a healthy diet in 2021.
Individuals with TEC have a median age of presentation of 18–26 months; however, the disorder may occur in infants younger than 6 months and in children as old as age 10 years. Because of the gradual onset of the anemia, children are often healthier than expected from their low hemoglobin levels. [citation needed]
β thalassemia major (Mediterranean anemia or Cooley anemia) is caused by a β o /β o genotype. No functional β chains are produced, and thus no hemoglobin A can be assembled. This is the most severe form of β-thalassemia. β thalassemia intermedia is caused by a β + /β o or β + /β + genotype. In this form, some hemoglobin A is produced.
Anemia is a deficiency in the size or number of red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin they contain. [1] This deficiency limits the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between the blood and the tissue cells. [1] Globally, young children, women, and older adults are at the highest risk of developing anemia. [1]
This condition is most prevalent in children [16] [17] with also an above average prevalence in elderly [1] and women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy). [14] Anemia is one of the six WHO global nutrition targets for 2025 and for diet-related global targets endorsed by World Health Assembly in 2012 and 2013.
The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is the number of deaths of infants and children under five years old per 1000 live births. The under-five mortality rate for the world is 39 deaths according to the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). 5.3 million children under age five died in 2018, 14,722 every day. [1] [2] [3]
Only one study has estimated incidence and prevalence adults. In Denmark in 2016 the annual incidence was 1.8 per 1,000,000 person years, and the prevalence was 21.3 per 1,000,000 living persons. [4] In pre-pubertal children the incidence has been estimated to be between 0.7 and 1.2 per 1,000,000 person-years. [32] [33]