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A checkmate may occur in as few as two moves on one side with all of the pieces still on the board (as in fool's mate, in the opening phase of the game), in a middlegame position (as in the 1956 game called the Game of the Century between Donald Byrne and Bobby Fischer), [3] or after many moves with as few as three pieces in an endgame position.
Fool's mate was named and described in The Royal Game of Chess-Play, a 1656 text by Francis Beale that adapted the work of the early chess writer Gioachino Greco. [2]Prior to the mid-19th century, there was not a prevailing convention as to whether White or Black moved first; according to Beale, the matter was to be decided in some prior contest or decision of the players' choice. [3]
The ladder mate, [17] [18] also known as a lawnmower mate, is by far one of the most common checkmate patterns. In this mate, two major pieces (which can be two queens, two rooks or one rook and one queen) work together to push the enemy king to one side of the board.
In chess, scholar's mate is the checkmate achieved by the following moves, or similar: . 1. e4 e5 2. Qh5 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6?? 4. Qxf7 #. The same mating pattern may be reached by various move orders.
The fewest moves required to deliver checkmate in chess is two, in what is known as the fool's mate (1.g4 e5 2.f3?? Qh4# and variants thereof). This happens in amateur play.
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
Typical moves that receive double question marks are those that overlook a tactic that wins substantial material or overlook a checkmate. A "??"-worthy move may result in an immediately lost position, turn a won position into a draw, lose an important piece or otherwise severely worsen the player's position.
With the stronger side to move, checkmate can be forced in at most thirty-three moves from almost any starting position. [1] [2] Although it is classified as one of the four basic checkmates, [3] [a] the bishop and knight checkmate occurs in practice only approximately once in every 6,000 games. [4]