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Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), or emotional incontinence, is a type of neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing. PBA occurs secondary to a neurologic disorder or brain injury. Patients may find themselves crying uncontrollably at something that is only slightly sad, being unable to stop themselves for ...
Since pseudobulbar palsy is a syndrome associated with other diseases, treating the underlying disease may eventually reduce the symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy. [ citation needed ] Possible pharmacological interventions for pseudobulbar affect include the tricyclic antidepressants , serotonin reuptake inhibitors , and a novel approach utilizing ...
Differential diagnosis can be challenging due to the number of overlapping symptoms, shared between several motor neuron diseases. [14] Frequently, the diagnosis is based on clinical findings (i.e. LMN vs. UMN signs and symptoms, patterns of weakness), family history of MND, and a variation of tests, many of which are used to rule out disease ...
These regional variants of ALS can only be considered as a diagnosis should the initial symptoms fail to spread to other spinal cord regions for an extended period of time (at least 12 months). [28] Flail arm syndrome is characterized by lower motor neuron damage affecting the arm muscles, typically starting with the upper arms symmetrically ...
Differential diagnosis [ edit ] In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in ...
Actor David Niven began showing symptoms of ALS in interviews, and would be officially diagnosed in 1980. The 11th century monk Hermann of Reichenau had a lifelong disease that is considered likely to have been ALS. This would make him one of the earliest known patients of the disease. Chairman Mao Zedong was reported to have been suffering ...
The patient's older brother, father, and paternal uncle had previously all died of ALS or an ALS type syndrome. The patient developed progressive bulbar palsy, became dependent on a respirator, and had two episodes of cardiac arrest. The patient died from pneumonia two years after the onset of the disease.
In ALS the main type of onset is bulbar followed by limb-onset ALS which describes the region of motor neurons first affected. [3] Individuals may also present with respiratory-onset ALS, [7] but this occurs very rarely. Since there are three different types of ALS, ALSFRS-R scores are often grouped in categories depending on type of onset. [7]
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