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Semiconductor lasers or laser diodes play an important part in our everyday lives by providing cheap and compact-size lasers. They consist of complex multi-layer structures requiring nanometer scale accuracy and an elaborate design. Their theoretical description is important not only from a fundamental point of view, but also in order to ...
The laser diode chip removed and placed on the eye of a needle for scale A laser diode with the case cut away. The laser diode chip is the small black chip at the front; a photodiode at the back is used to control output power. SEM (scanning electron microscope) image of a commercial laser diode with its case and window cut away. The anode ...
Diagram of a simple VCSEL structure. The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL / ˈ v ɪ k s əl /) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also called in-plane lasers) which emit from surfaces formed by cleaving the individual chip out of a wafer.
The laser diode rate equations model the electrical and optical performance of a laser diode. This system of ordinary differential equations relates the number or density of photons and charge carriers in the device to the injection current and to device and material parameters such as carrier lifetime, photon lifetime, and the optical gain.
Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are a type of laser diode that can produce coherent radiation over a large part of the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are fabricated from epitaxially -grown semiconductor heterostructures composed of layers of indium arsenide (InAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), aluminum antimonide (AlSb ...
An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. Its principle of operation is based on the Franz–Keldysh effect, i.e., a change in the absorption spectrum caused by an applied electric field, which changes the bandgap energy (thus the photon energy of an absorption edge) but usually does ...
It’s the first time NASA has streamed a video from deep space using a laser. In the ultra-high definition video , the playful orange tabby cat chases, of all things, the elusive red dot from a ...
It is the fundamental transverse mode of the laser resonator and has the same form as a Gaussian beam. The pattern has a single lobe, and has a constant phase across the mode. Modes with increasing p show concentric rings of intensity, and modes with increasing l show angularly distributed lobes.