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For example, 1 μs −1 would mean 10 6 disintegrations per second: (10 −6 s) −1 = 10 6 s −1, [4] whereas 1 μBq would mean 1 disintegration per 1 million seconds. Other names considered were hertz (Hz), a special name already in use for the reciprocal second (for periodic events of any kind), and fourier (Fr; after Joseph Fourier ). [ 4 ]
In a third layer, the logarithms of rational numbers r = a / b are computed with ln(r) = ln(a) − ln(b), and logarithms of roots via ln n √ c = 1 / n ln(c).. The logarithm of 2 is useful in the sense that the powers of 2 are rather densely distributed; finding powers 2 i close to powers b j of other numbers b is comparatively easy, and series representations of ln(b) are ...
where f t,d is the raw count of a term in a document, i.e., the number of times that term t occurs in document d. Note the denominator is simply the total number of terms in document d (counting each occurrence of the same term separately). There are various other ways to define term frequency: [5]: 128 the raw count itself: tf(t,d) = f t,d
The first nanotube ropes (20 mm long) whose tensile strength was published (in 2000) had a strength of 3.6 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit. [41] The density is different depending on the manufacturing method, and the lowest value is 0.037 or 0.55 (solid). [37]
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang: 13.8 billion years. [1] Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe.
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
6.37 ⋅ 10 7 at 273.15 K; 5.71 ⋅ 10 7 at 300K; 4.15 ⋅ 10 7 at 400K. [41] International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) pure =1.7×10 −8 Ω•m =58.82×10 6 Ω −1 •m −1. For main article, see: Copper in heat exchangers. The TPRC recommended values are for well annealed 99.999% pure copper with residual electrical resistivity of ρ 0 ...