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Congenital syphilis is syphilis that occurs when a mother with untreated syphilis passes the infection to her baby during pregnancy or at birth. [4] It may present in the fetus , infant , or later. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Clinical features vary and differ between early onset, that is presentation before 2-years of age, and late onset, presentation after ...
Congenital syphilis is still common in the developing world, as many women do not receive antenatal care at all, and the antenatal care others receive does not include screening. [ 50 ] [ 54 ] It still occasionally occurs in the developed world, as those most likely to acquire syphilis are least likely to receive care during pregnancy. [ 50 ]
Treponema pallidum, formerly known as Spirochaeta pallida, is a microaerophilic, gram-negative, spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel (also known as endemic syphilis), and yaws. [1] It is known to be transmitted only among humans and baboons. [2]
They depend on the immune function of their mother. Several pathogens can cross the placenta and cause perinatal infection. Often, microorganisms that produce minor illness in the mother are very dangerous for the developing embryo or fetus. This can result in spontaneous abortion or major developmental disorders. For many infections, the baby ...
The placenta does not block maternal IgG antibodies, which thereby may pass through the human placenta, providing immune protection to the fetus against infectious diseases. One model for the induction of tolerance during the very early stages of pregnancy is the eutherian fetoembryonic defense system (eu-FEDS) hypothesis. [ 10 ]
About 500 million have either syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia or trichomoniasis. [1] At least an additional 530 million have genital herpes, and 290 million women have human papillomavirus. [1] Historical documentation of STIs in antiquity dates back to at least the Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) and the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament (8th/7th C. BCE ...
Syphilis is an infection caused by bacteria. It usually spreads through sexual contact but can also spread from person to person through direct contact with sores, according to the Mayo Clinic .
Experimental cross performed by Thomas Hunt Morgan, illustrating the X-linked inheritance of white-eyed mutation in fruit flies [1] Sex linked describes the sex-specific reading patterns of inheritance and presentation when a gene mutation ( allele ) is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex chromosome ( autosome ).