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Cloture (UK: US: / ˈ k l oʊ tʃ ər /, [1] [2] also UK: / ˈ k l oʊ tj ʊər /), [3] closure [4] or, informally, a guillotine, [4] is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for ...
In the United States House of Representatives, the previous question originally served the same purpose as it did in the English Parliament. [2] In the 1800s, the House of Representatives altered the rules governing the way the previous question could be used: in 1805, it was rendered undebatable, and in 1841, the fraction of votes needed to pass it was lowered from 2/3 to 1/2, allowing for it ...
cloture. Also spelled closure or called a guillotine. A motion aimed at bringing a drawn-out debate to a quick end, typically used to end a filibuster in the Senate; in most cases, the requisite majority for invoking cloture is three-fifths of the non-vacant Senate seats. A motion for cloture can be overriden by the nuclear option. compound ...
Only a small number of supermajority requirements were explicitly included in the original United States Constitution, including conviction on impeachment (two-thirds of senators present), [6] agreeing to a resolution of advice and consent to ratification of a treaty (two-thirds of senators present), [7] expelling a member of Congress (two-thirds of members voting in the house in question), [8 ...
In the United States Senate, the nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the Senate to override a standing rule by a simple majority, avoiding the two-thirds [1] supermajority normally required to invoke cloture on a measure amending the Standing Rules.
Some examples of social closure include, “Access to private schools follows explicit rules and depends on financial capacities; access to university depends on a certificate or diploma, eventually from certain schools only; membership in a highly prestigious club depends on economic and social capital and the respective social networks; and ...
Closure (psychology), the state of experiencing an emotional conclusion to a difficult life event Law of closure (Gestalt psychology), the perception of objects as complete rather than focusing on the gaps that the object might contain
The need for closure in social psychology is thought to be a fairly stable dispositional characteristic that can, nonetheless, be affected by situational factors. The Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) was developed by Arie Kruglanski, Donna Webster, and Adena Klem in 1993 and is designed to operationalize this construct and is presented as a unidimensional instrument possessing strong discriminant ...