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Phage lytic enzymes produced during bacteriophage infection are responsible for the ability of these viruses to lyse bacterial cells. [2] Penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics cause the death of bacteria through enzyme-mediated lysis that occurs after the drug causes the bacterium to form a defective cell wall. [3]
The enzyme DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, also referred to as DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase (systematic name) or DNA AP lyase (EC 4.2.99.18) catalyzes the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' from the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA via β-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate. [1]
Alkaline lysis is the process of isolating plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in bacteria. It is a standard method used in molecular biology to isolate the plasmid without obtaining chromosomal DNA. The first alkaline lysis was performed by Birnom and Doly in 1979. [ 1 ]
The principle behind this test is to use enzymes native to the organism to create a colored product in the presence of foreign molecules. The chemical 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside is used in the test because N. lactamica can hydrolyze it with the production of β- galactosidase , turning the solution into a blue color.
There are two main classes of glycosylases: monofunctional and bifunctional. Monofunctional glycosylases have only glycosylase activity, whereas bifunctional glycosylases also possess AP lyase activity that permits them to cut the phosphodiester bond of DNA, creating a single-strand break without the need for an AP endonuclease.
Microorganisms are essential tools in biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The yeasts brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) are important model organisms in science, since they are simple eukaryotes that can be grown rapidly in large numbers and are easily manipulated. [14]
Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of motile blood cells from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus.LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the bacterial capsule, the outermost membrane of cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria.
Plasmid miniprep. 0.8% agarose gel ethidium bromide-stained.. A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA.It is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology.