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T. W. Rhys Davids in his book Buddhist India, [23] and Wilhelm Geiger in his book Pāli Literature and Language, suggested that Pali may have originated as a lingua franca or common language of culture among people who used differing dialects in North India, used at the time of the Buddha and employed by him.
John Smith (December 21, 1751 [ O.S. December 10 ] – April 30, 1809) was a professor of ancient languages at Dartmouth College and author of the first unpointed Hebrew grammar published in the United States.
Different genres comprise the Early Buddhist texts, including prose "suttas" (Skt: sūtra, discourses), monastic rules (), various forms of verse compositions (such as gāthā and udāna), mixed prose and verse works (geya), and also lists (matika) of monastic rules or doctrinal topics.
Saṃmuti or samuti (Pāli; Sanskrit: saṃvṛti), meaning "common consent, general opinion, convention", [15] and paramattha (Pāli; Sanskrit: paramārtha), meaning "ultimate", are used to distinguish conventional or common-sense language, as used in metaphors or for the sake of convenience, from language used to express higher truths directly.
Prior to Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit teachings used to be generally recorded in the Pali language. Pali language was common at the time of the Buddha. [2] His teachings were apparently first found in Pali language written by Theravada buddhists. [3] Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit became the pre-eminent language for literature and philosophy in India.
The last English translation of the Mahabharata, John D Smith’s 2009 Penguin Classics edition, was a happy midway mark between a proper scholarly or academic translated edition and a text for the general reader. —
Sāvakabuddha is a Pali term (equivalent to Sanskrit: Śrāvakabuddha), used rarely in Theravada Buddhism, to refer to an enlightened disciple of a Buddha. Sāvaka means "one who hears"; a person who follows the path to enlightenment by means of hearing the instructions of others. Lay persons, who take special vows, are called sāvakas.
According to Smith, The Illuminating Lamp declares that in Ati Yoga, pristine consciousness is a mere consciousness that apprehends primordial liberation and the generic basis as the ultimate." [ 5 ] In other words, spiritual knowledge in Dzogchen is recognizing one's basis.