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Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Tibialis anterior: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4, L5) Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot Extensor hallucis longus
The tibialis anterior muscle is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the lower leg. It originates from the upper portion of the tibia; it inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin.
Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction, [1] [2] these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase. [3]
The muscle ends as a tendon of insertion. The tendon passes through a distinct compartment in the inferior extensor retinaculum of foot. It crosses anterior tibial vessels lateromedially near the bend of the ankle. [citation needed] In the foot, its tendon is situated at along the medial side of the dorsum of the foot. [1]
The muscle passes under the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in company with the fibularis tertius, and divides into four slips, which run forward on the dorsum of the foot, and are inserted into the second and third phalanges of the four lesser toes.
The leg muscles acting on the foot are called the extrinsic foot muscles whilst the foot muscles located in the foot are called intrinsic. [ 28 ] Dorsiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion occur around the transverse axis running through the ankle joint from the tip of the medial malleolus to the tip of the lateral malleolus.
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The fibularis muscles are highly variable. Several variants are occasionally present, including the peroneus digiti minimi and the peroneus quartus. [ 2 ] The quartus is more closely associated with the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and may send a small tendon to the fifth (or little) toe.