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D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link , hence forming a protein dimer .
Principles of D-dimer testing. Fibrin degradation products (FDPs), also known as fibrin split products, are components of the blood produced by clot degeneration. [1] Clotting, also called coagulation, at the wound site produces a mass of fibrin threads called a net that remains in place until the cut is healed. As a cut heals, the clotting ...
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In European Americans, 2% of the variation in D-dimer levels is due to polymorphisms in various fibrinolysis-related genes such as fibrinogen, PAI-1 and plasminogen. In African Americans the sample was too small to establish any linkage. Fibrinogen mutations, in particular, explained D-dimer levels >20% higher than controls.
A normal pregnancy contains higher numbers of immune cells, however, in a normal pregnancy, the immune system does not attack the fetus, but works to protect it as it grows and divides at an incredibly fast rate. T helper cells, Th1 and Th2, differ based on cytokine levels; Th1 is up-regulated during pregnancy,whereas Th2 is up-regulated in cancer.
Pregnancy Symptoms Week 1. It's a bit of a mind-bender, but you aren't actually pregnant during what doctors call "week one" of pregnancy. Instead, week one starts on the first day of your last ...
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels. [1] Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain, problems speaking, or problems moving parts of the body. [1]
The partial thromboplastin time (PTT), also known as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT), is a blood test that characterizes coagulation of the blood.A historical name for this measure is the Kaolin-cephalin clotting time (KCCT), [1] reflecting kaolin and cephalin as materials historically used in the test.