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The street hierarchy is an urban planning technique for laying out road networks that exclude automobile through-traffic from developed areas. It is conceived as a hierarchy of roads that embeds the link importance of each road type in the network topology (the connectivity of the nodes to each other).
Bundesautobahn 9 near by Garching bei Muenchen, Germany. At the top of the hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed are controlled-access highways; their defining characteristic is the control of access to and from the road, meaning that the road cannot be directly accessed from properties or other roads, but only from specific connector roads.
The green transport hierarchy (Canada), street user hierarchy (US), sustainable transport hierarchy (Wales), [1] urban transport hierarchy or road user hierarchy (Australia, UK) [2] is a hierarchy of modes of passenger transport prioritising green transport. [3] It is a concept used in transport reform groups worldwide [4] [5] and in policy ...
A Functional Hierarchy for South Australia’s Land Transport Network (32 page PDF) – see 'Road Classification' (pages 4-5) for state roads - sealed and unsealed; see 'Functional Hierarchy: Major Traffic routes' (pages 14-17) for major roads; see 'Functional Hierarchy: Key Outback Routes' (pages 26-27) for major outback tracks.
The models' rise in popularity can also be attributed to a rapid increase in the number of automobiles on the road, widespread suburbanization and a large increase in federal or national government spending upon transport in urban areas. All of these phenomena dominated the planning culture in the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.
The goal of shared space is to improve the road safety and vibrancy of roads and junctions, particularly ones with high levels of pedestrian traffic, by encouraging negotiation of priority in shared areas between different road users. [1] [6] Shared space is a "design approach rather than a design type characterised by standard features". [7]
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Permeability is generally considered a positive attribute of an urban design, as it permits ease of movement and avoids severing neighbourhoods. Urban forms which lack permeability, e.g. those severed by arterial roads, or with many long culs-de-sac, are considered to discourage movement on foot and encourage longer journeys by car. There is ...